Which vitamin is primarily responsible for preventing scurvy?

The vitamin primarily responsible for preventing scurvy is Vitamin C. Scurvy is a disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid. This vitamin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, which is essential for healthy skin, connective tissues, and blood vessel integrity. It also functions as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage by free radicals.

Without adequate Vitamin C, the body's ability to form and maintain collagen is impaired, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, and anemia. Historical accounts often link scurvy to sailors on long voyages who lacked fresh fruits and vegetables containing this essential vitamin.

In contrast, the other vitamins mentioned do not play a role in the prevention of scurvy. Vitamin B1 is important for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function, Vitamin A is essential for vision and immune function, and Vitamin D is critical for calcium absorption and bone health. Therefore, Vitamin C is specifically identified as the key nutrient to prevent scurvy.