Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

Smoking is the most significant risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) due to its direct impact on lung health. Cigarette smoke contains a myriad of harmful chemicals that cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage to the airways and lung parenchyma. Over time, this damage leads to the chronic inflammatory response characteristic of COPD, contributing to airway obstruction and reduced airflow.

While environmental pollutants, age, and genetic predisposition can contribute to the development and progression of COPD, smoking remains the primary and most modifiable risk factor. Studies consistently show that the majority of COPD patients have a history of smoking, and quitting smoking can significantly slow the progression of the disease and improve outcomes.