Which of the following diseases is associated with orchitis and meningitis?

Mumps is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus, which primarily affects the parotid glands, leading to parotitis. However, it is also well-known for its complications, which can include orchitis, an inflammation of the testicles, and meningitis, an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

The association between mumps and these conditions is significant, especially in post-pubertal males, where orchitis can lead to complications such as testicular atrophy and infertility. Meningitis caused by the mumps virus, although less common than cases caused by other pathogens, can occur and typically presents with symptoms such as headache, fever, and neck stiffness.

While other options listed are viral diseases, they do not have the same direct association with orchitis and meningitis. Measles, rubella, and cytomegalovirus can cause a variety of health issues but are not specifically linked to both orchitis and meningitis in the way that mumps is. This makes mumps the correct answer to the question regarding diseases that are associated with both conditions.