Which nerve is primarily associated with motor control of the tongue?

The hypoglossal nerve is primarily responsible for the motor control of the tongue, making it the correct answer. This cranial nerve, known as cranial nerve XII, innervates the muscles of the tongue, allowing for movements required for speech, swallowing, and other actions related to tongue function.

The importance of the hypoglossal nerve is underscored in tasks that involve the positioning and movement of the tongue, as it is the main nerve that directly stimulates the majority of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Damage to this nerve can lead to weakness or paralysis of the tongue muscles, affecting mobility and function.

The other cranial nerves listed do have roles in the area, but they are primarily sensory or involved in different functions. The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is associated with autonomic functions and has sensory roles in the throat. The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) primarily controls the muscles of facial expression and has some sensory functions in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) has a role in taste and sensation for the posterior one-third of the tongue and also contributes to swallowing, but it does not primarily control the motor function