Which enzyme converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?

Renin is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. It is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys in response to various stimuli, such as low blood pressure, decreased sodium chloride concentration, or sympathetic nervous system activation.

The primary function of renin is to cleave angiotensinogen, which is a precursor protein produced by the liver. This cleavage process converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, an inactive precursor that is further converted to angiotensin II through the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is significant as it has potent vasoconstrictive properties and stimulates the release of aldosterone, which promotes sodium and water retention, ultimately increasing blood pressure.

Understanding this pathway is essential for grasping the physiological mechanisms involved in blood pressure regulation and the pharmacological targets for medications used to manage hypertension.