Which demographic is most commonly affected by nephrolithiasis?

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, predominantly affects middle-aged men. This demographic is particularly at risk due to a combination of factors such as dietary habits, metabolic abnormalities, and hydration levels. Research has shown that men between the ages of 30 and 50 are more likely to form stones significantly because of how lifestyle choices, including higher protein intake and reduced fluid consumption, influence the risk of stone formation.

While women, including those in their childbearing years, can also develop kidney stones, the incidence rate is lower compared to that of men in the same age group. Children do experience nephrolithiasis, but it is much less common compared to adults. Elderly individuals can develop stones as well, but the peak incidence generally occurs in middle-aged men rather than in the older population or women during their reproductive years. Understanding the demographic trends in nephrolithiasis helps in early identification and prevention strategies, particularly in populations that are at higher risk.