Which cranial nerve is responsible for the movement of the tongue?

The cranial nerve that is primarily responsible for the movement of the tongue is Cranial Nerve XII, also known as the Hypoglossal nerve. This nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, allowing for various movements necessary for actions such as speech and swallowing.

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue change its shape, while the extrinsic muscles control its position. Effective coordination of these muscles is vital for proper oral functions, including manipulating food and articulating sounds clearly.

Other cranial nerves mentioned do have functions related to the tongue, but they are not primarily responsible for its movement. Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve) is involved in taste and sensation from the posterior third of the tongue, Cranial Nerve VII (Facial nerve) is responsible for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and provides innervation to the muscles of facial expression, and Cranial Nerve X (Vagus nerve) has a role in swallowing and voice but does not directly control tongue movement.