Which cranial nerve is considered to have both sensory and motor functions?

Cranial nerve V, also known as the trigeminal nerve, is the correct answer because it possesses both sensory and motor functions.

The sensory aspect of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for transmitting sensations from the face, including touch, pain, and temperature. It has three major branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves, which supply different regions of the face.

The motor function of cranial nerve V primarily controls the muscles involved in mastication (chewing). This dual functionality distinguishes it from other cranial nerves listed, such as the optic nerve or vestibulocochlear nerve, which are exclusively sensory and do not have motor output. Similarly, cranial nerve XII is a motor nerve that controls tongue movements but lacks any sensory function.