What role does progesterone play after ovulation?

Progesterone plays a crucial role after ovulation primarily by preparing the uterus for implantation. After the ovary releases an egg during ovulation, the remnants of the follicle transform into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. This hormone thickens the endometrial lining, making it more receptive for the potential implantation of a fertilized egg. If the egg is fertilized and successfully implants, progesterone continues to support the pregnancy by maintaining the endometrial lining.

While progesterone also has effects on FSH production, its primary role post-ovulation directly relates to preparing the uterine environment. It does not stimulate follicle growth or cause menstruation; rather, if no pregnancy occurs, lower progesterone levels eventually lead to menstruation as the uterine lining sheds.