What is the primary function of B cells in the adaptive immune response?

The primary function of B cells in the adaptive immune response is to produce antibodies. B cells, which are a type of lymphocyte, play a crucial role in the humoral immune response by recognizing specific antigens presented by pathogens. Upon activation, typically with the help of T helper cells, B cells differentiate into plasma cells that synthesize and secrete large quantities of antibodies. These antibodies then bind to the specific antigens, neutralizing pathogens and marking them for destruction by other immune cells.

This antibody production is essential for the immune system's ability to remember past infections and respond more rapidly and effectively upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. This function underpins the principle of vaccination, where exposure to an antigen induces a lasting immunological memory mediated by B cells.