What is the primary function of the hypoglossal nerve?

The primary function of the hypoglossal nerve is to control tongue movement. This cranial nerve, known as CN XII, is primarily a motor nerve that innervates the muscles of the tongue, which are essential for various actions such as speaking, swallowing, and manipulating food during mastication. Proper tongue movement is crucial for these oral functions, as the tongue plays a key role in articulating speech sounds and moving food towards the pharynx for swallowing. Thus, damage to the hypoglossal nerve can lead to difficulties in these areas, highlighting the importance of this nerve in oral and motor coordination. Other options, while relevant to different functions in the body, do not pertain to the primary role of the hypoglossal nerve.