What is the most common cause of congenital malformations in infants?

The most common cause of congenital malformations in infants is attributed to environmental factors. This includes a range of influences such as maternal nutrition, exposure to teratogens, and various environmental pollutants. Teratogens, which are agents that cause malformation during embryonic development, can include substances like alcohol, medications, and chemicals. These factors can significantly impact fetal development, especially during the early stages of pregnancy when the organs and structures are forming.

While genetic disorders certainly play a significant role in congenital malformations, leading to conditions like Down syndrome or cystic fibrosis, studies indicate that environmental factors are more prevalent in the overall population of congenital anomalies when considering both non-genetic and genetic influences. Maternal drug use can be a subset of environmental factors, but it doesn't encompass the full range of influences. Similarly, infections during pregnancy, such as those caused by rubella or cytomegalovirus, also contribute to congenital malformations but are less common when compared to the broader category of environmental factors.

Overall, acknowledging the impact of environmental influences is essential for understanding the primary drivers behind congenital malformations in the infant population.