What is the most common cause of dementia?

Alzheimer's disease is considered the most common cause of dementia, accounting for a significant majority of cases. This neurodegenerative condition is characterized by the progressive degeneration of brain cells, leading to cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. It typically affects individuals over the age of 65, although early-onset forms can occur.

The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease involves the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which disrupt normal neuronal function and lead to cell death. The disease progresses through several stages, often starting with mild memory loss and eventually resulting in severe impairment of daily functioning.

While other forms of dementia, such as vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, do exist, they are less prevalent compared to Alzheimer's disease. Vascular dementia typically arises from reduced blood flow to the brain, leading to cognitive decline that correlates with the presence of cerebrovascular disease. Frontotemporal dementia often presents with pronounced personality changes and language difficulties, while Parkinson’s disease dementia occurs in the later stages of Parkinson’s disease and is characterized by cognitive changes alongside motor symptoms.

Understanding Alzheimer's as the most frequent cause of dementia is critical for diagnosis and treatment, establishing a basis for