What is one primary function of prolactin released from the anterior pituitary gland?

Prolactin, which is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, has a primary function of promoting milk production in the mammary glands. This hormone plays a crucial role during and after pregnancy by enabling the alveoli in the breast tissue to synthesize and secrete milk. Its release is typically triggered by the suckling reflex, which stimulates further prolactin release to encourage ongoing milk production to meet the infant's needs.

In contrast, the roles of stimulating uterine contractions, regulating the menstrual cycle, and facilitating ovulation are primarily associated with other hormones, such as oxytocin, estrogen, and luteinizing hormone, respectively. These functions do not fall within the main responsibilities of prolactin, emphasizing the specific and essential role of prolactin in lactation.