In a meniscus tear, what test is used to confirm medial meniscus injury with external rotation?

The McMurray test is specifically designed to assess for meniscal injuries, particularly in the knee. When a medial meniscus tear is suspected, the McMurray test involves flexing the knee and applying a varus force while simultaneously externally rotating the tibia. This specific maneuver can elicit a click or a popping sensation, which indicates the presence of a tear in the medial meniscus. The distinct actions of this test—notably the external rotation during the testing phase—make it a targeted examination method for diagnosing a medial meniscus injury.

The other tests listed serve different purposes. The Apley grind test evaluates both meniscal and ligamentous injuries by compressing the knee in a prone position, but it does not focus specifically on medial meniscus injuries with external rotation. The Thessaly test also assists in detecting meniscal tears, but it involves standing and twisting the knee instead of the direct manipulation used in the McMurray test. Lastly, the Patellar grind test primarily assesses patellofemoral joint issues rather than meniscal injuries. Therefore, the McMurray test is the most appropriate choice for confirming a medial meniscus injury under the specified conditions.