How is the herpes simplex virus (HSV) generally classified?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is classified into two main types: HSV-1 and HSV-2, each associated with different primary sites of infection. HSV-1 is primarily associated with oral infections, often manifesting as cold sores or fever blisters on or around the mouth. This type is typically the one that people associate with oral herpes. On the other hand, HSV-2 is primarily associated with genital infections, leading to lesions and sores in the genital area.

This classification is based on the most common sites of infection, although it is worth noting that both types can potentially infect either area. Typically, HSV-1 can cause genital herpes through oral-genital contact, and HSV-2 can cause oral herpes through genital-oral contact, but the primary categorization remains based on the most frequent infection sites.

Understanding this classification is important for correctly diagnosing and providing appropriate treatment for HSV infections. Recognizing the patterns of presentation helps healthcare providers manage patient expectations and inform them about transmission risks associated with each type.